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How is chronic inflammation established?

How is chronic inflammation established?

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By Shubhankar Kulkarni on Aug 18, 2020

[1] Pahwa R, Goyal A, Bansal P, Jialal I. Chronic Inflammation [Internet]. StatPearls. 2020. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29630225

[2] Foissac M, Javelle E, Ray S, Guérin B, Simon F. Post-Chikungunya Rheumatoid Arthritis, Saint Martin. Emerg Infect Dis [Internet]. 2015 Mar;21(3):530–2. Available from: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/3/14-1397_article.htm

inflammation

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Anti-inflammatory gene therapies/immunization

[1] Hosseini A, Estiri H, Akhavan Niaki H, Alizadeh A, Abdolhossein Zadeh B, Ghaderian SMH, Farjadfar A, Fallah A. Multiple Sclerosis Gene Therapy with Recombinant Viral Vectors: Overexpression of IL-4, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, and IL-10 in Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells Used in EAE Mice Model. Cell J. 2017 Oct;19(3):361-374. doi: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4497. Epub 2017 Aug 19. PMID: 28836399; PMCID: PMC5570402.

by Andre Pelzmann on Nov 26, 2020

Trained immunity via epigenetic reprogramming of the immune cells

by Apoorva Kulkarni on Aug 18, 2020

Conditioned immune responses may provide benefit

by Brett Melanson on Nov 28, 2020

Shubhankar Kulkarni 3 hours ago
Thank you for your contribution. If this works as beautifully as it sounds, it can be a breakthrough for the treatment of a number of chronic inflammatory diseases and, therefore, longevity.

The brain connection was intuitive since stress increasing inflammation and, thereby, the probability of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases (https://www.everydayhealth.com/wellness/united-states-of-stress/link-between-stress-inflammation/#:~:text=Over%20time%2C%20inflammation%20can%20damage,of%20inflammation%20in%20your%20body.)
In this regard, I would also like to direct you to this TED talk, which explains that the effect of stress on your body is dependent on the way you perceive stress (https://www.ted.com/talks/kelly_mcgonigal_how_to_make_stress_your_friend?language=en#t-64209). If the things in the TED talk work and if what you have presented works, controlling inflammation would be a matter of mental conditioning. The non-pharmacological approaches work the best since they have zero side-effects.

Thank you for providing the physiological evidence of learned immunosuppression.
Brett Melanson 6 minutes ago
Shubhankar Kulkarni Thank you for the feedback Shubhankar! These are very useful resources in this regard - I will definitely be reviewing the TED talk later.

As for the effect of stress perception, this is a can interesting area and an area that I have focused on during my Doctoral studies. To compound your points here, psychological stress has been found to stimulate the inflammatory response--specifically, through an elevation in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1-beta and IL-6, as well as IL-IL-1Ra and IL-10, respectively (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043466697902908).

Even more interesting is the evidence demonstrating individual differences in the level of inflammation produced in the body following exposure to psychological stress (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301051109000994#:~:text=3.2.%20Changes%20in%20immune%20and%20endocrine%20parameters%20after,%201.92%20%280.32%29%20%206%20more%20rows%20). In addition, studies have shown that chronic psychological stress can induce a pro-inflammatory state in humans (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12433005/) and emphasize the role of glucocorticoid resistance in this process. Thus, a possible physiological mechanism by which chronic inflammation may arise...

In the context that chronic stress can enhance the inflammatory response, and thus possibly contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions, I wonder if one day, we could utilize individual differences in stress perception to predict vulnerabilities to chronic inflammation in humans. From this, we could target populations to begin "conditioned immunosuppression" as a way to train them to "control" their inflammation in stressful circumstances. That being said, we'd need to disentangle the mechanisms involved in this process of conditioned immunosuppression, but I think we aren't far from doing so.

Lastly, I want to direct your attention to a thought-provoking article about an "evolutionary" aspect of the stress-inflammation link, which I think has very interesting ties to this conversation: http://www.uclastresslab.org/pubs/Slavich_Irwin_PsychBull_2014.pdf#:~:text=From%20Stress%20to%20Inflammation%20and%20Major%20Depressive%20Disorder%3A,among%20the%20strongest%20proximal%20risk%20factors%20for%20depression.

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