What natural foods boost neurotransmitters that could therapeutically affect neurological and/or neurodegenerative diseases?
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[1]1. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment for Stimulant Use Disorders. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 1999. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 33.) Chapter 2—How Stimulants Affect the Brain and Behavior. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64328/
[2]Planning Committee for a Workshop on Potential Health Hazards Associated with Consumption of Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements; Food and Nutrition Board; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Institute of Medicine. Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements: Examining Safety: Workshop Summary. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2014 Apr 23. 6, Caffeine Effects on the Central Nervous System and Behavioral Effects Associated with Caffeine Consumption. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK202225/
[3]Alasmari F. Caffeine induces neurobehavioral effects through modulating neurotransmitters. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28(4):445-451. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.02.005
Creative contributions
Can the Mediterranean help?
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The ketogenic diet
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Tea, Cocoa, Ginseng, Galangal, Squash, Gingko
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Velvet beans
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Chamomile decreases anxiety
[1]Amsterdam JD, Li Y, Soeller I, Rockwell K, Mao JJ, Shults J. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 Aug;29(4):378-82. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181ac935c. PMID: 19593179; PMCID: PMC3600416.
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Choline supplementation
[1]Zeisel, Steven H. "Choline: essential for brain development and function." Advances in pediatrics 44 (1997): 263-295.
[2]Francis, Paul T. "The interplay of neurotransmitters in Alzheimer's disease." CNS spectrums 10.S18 (2005): 6-9.
[3]Pohanka, Miroslav. "Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a target in pharmacology and toxicology." International journal of molecular sciences 13.2 (2012): 2219-2238.
[4]Schwab, Claudia, Andis Klegeris, and Patrick L. McGeer. "Inflammation in transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative disorders." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease 1802.10 (2010): 889-902.
[5]Velazquez, Ramon, et al. "Lifelong choline supplementation ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease pathology and associated cognitive deficits by attenuating microglia activation." Aging Cell 18.6 (2019): e13037.
[6]“Office of Dietary Supplements - Choline.” NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 10 July 2020, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/.
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Danshen water extract for Alzheimer's disease
[1]Yuen, Chee Wah, et al. "Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) water extract shows potential neuroprotective effects in Caenorhabditis elegans." Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2020): 113418.
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Fermented foods improve mood
[1]Yano JM, Yu K, Donaldson GP, Shastri GG, Ann P, Ma L, Nagler CR, Ismagilov RF, Mazmanian SK, Hsiao EY. Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis. Cell. 2015 Apr 9;161(2):264-76. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.047. Erratum in: Cell. 2015 Sep 24;163:258. PMID: 25860609; PMCID: PMC4393509.
[2]O'Mahony SM, Clarke G, Borre YE, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Behav Brain Res. 2015 Jan 15;277:32-48. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.027. Epub 2014 Jul 29. PMID: 25078296.